State-of-the-art multiobjective metaheuristic for redistricting

Redistricting is a spatial multicriteria decision problem but there is a limited research attempt in term of decision-making. The limitations in existing solutions create an opportunity for designing a more structured and systematic method. On the other hand, redistricting based on multiobjective definition helps consider relationship among objectives and it is a more realistic solution to the real-world problem. Therefore, there is a need to employ a multiobjective metaheuristic technique as its solution and a Geographic Information System (GIS) for its tool. Consequently, this paper presents a state-of-the-art multiobjective metaheuristic for a redistricting process to draw territory lines for geographical or spatial zones for the purpose of space control. This paper discusses the current applications and solutions by providing an in-depth description of the existing research study especially in the aspects of decision-making and optimization search method. It also gives a discussion on the role of GIS. Lastly, the paper presents the necessity of further research in multiobjective metaheuristic to clarify the possible extension and enhancement in the technical and theoretical aspects.