Spatial-temporal propagation parameter estimation in the asynchronous DS-CDMA systems over fading channel

This paper is concerned with code timing and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, called two-dimensional code acquisition, in asynchronous direct sequence spread spectrum communication systems with the presence of Rayleigh fading effects. An antenna array is used in this paper. A method named independent component analysis frequency selection (ICA-FS) is used to perform interference suppression before parameter estimation. The operation for suppressing interference brings a decrease in undesired Gaussian effects. The ICA-FS requires a training sequence corresponding to the desired user to be known, and data signals corresponding to different users to be statistically independent.