Adaptive DWT-based watermarking scheme using neighboring mean value relationship

A watermarking algorithm performed in the wavelet domain is proposed. For the purpose of security and robustness, a watermark sequence is embedded by selectively modifying the middle-frequency parts of the image. Human visual system (HVS) is adopted to further ensure the watermark invisibility. The original image is not required for watermark extraction. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to quantization-based methods in terms of transparency, robustness, and computation complexity.