Applications of the ZY T-chart for nonreciprocal stub tuners

Impedance matching is a part of design process for a microwave system to achieve the maximum power delivered to the load. In this paper, nonreciprocal single-stub and double-stub matching networks are studied graphically using a generalized Smith chart, called the T-chart, developed for nonreciprocal transmission lines. The stubs can be connected in series or in parallel with the main feed line. Basic procedures and concepts for nonreciprocal stub tuners are similar to those of reciprocal ones. It is found out that the forbidden region for double-stub shunt tuners, where the load cannot be matched, is independent of the phase angle Φ of associated characteristic impedances of nonreciprocal transmission lines.