WRN: improving system performance in 3G networks through fixed multi-hop relay nodes

Non-uniform coverage and low system throughput due to location dependent fading in cellular networks is a major bottleneck in providing quality of service. Moreover, the growing number of stand-alone Wi-Fi hotspots is creating competition for 3G cellular networks. We propose an architecture which augments the existing 3G downlink technology with Wi-Fi like relay nodes leveraging benefits of both forms to improve the 3G system performance and provide uniform coverage throughout the cell. The relay nodes in the proposed WRN (Wi-Fi like relay network) architecture are equipped with a dual radio interface to communicate with the base station and other relay nodes. We compare the performance of the existing CDMA/HDR-based 3G cellular network with the proposed WRN architecture in terms of throughput and blocking probability. We demonstrate how pre-engineered deployment of relay nodes can yield better performance than random deployment of relay nodes. Simulation experiments are conducted to corroborate our analytical findings. The system throughput is not only enhanced, but the fairness among users is also maintained.