Geographic load balancing for WCDMA mobile networks using a bubble oscillation algorithm

The paper investigates a new load balancing scheme for mobile networks that changes cellular coverage in real time according to the current geographic traffic distribution. A bubble oscillation algorithm from our previous work is customized to work with WCDMA mobile networks with simple semi-smart antennas. After the algorithm converges, the sector sizes for each cell are re-adjusted using a heuristic method to balance the traffic load within each cell. The results of tests performed on a WCDMA network simulator show that significant capacity improvement can be obtained for uneven traffic by using the intelligent control algorithm and low cost semi-smart antennas.