New heading directional angle routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks

The study and developments of infrastructureless wireless networks have been very popular over the recent years. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) belong to this class of network, which does not require the support of wired access points for intercommunication. We propose three new purely on-demand protocols depending on heading direction angle of a mobile node to propagate a message in the network in order to find the best route to destination and reduce the effects of the flooding technique by doing selective forwarding where only a few selected nodes in the network do the broadcasting. Moreover, due to the reduced flooding area in the network these protocols save the power of nodes, reduce the overhead in finding the destination, and increase the accuracy. The first protocol is designed to find a route from the source to the destination, while the other two protocols are used in geocasting to improve performance of the basic location-based protocols by reducing the flooding message in the forwarding zone.