Embedding one-port network into two-port networks through the use of auxiliary S-parameters for characterization of cascading network gain

In this paper, a method for embedding a one-port network into a two-port network through a predefined auxiliary 2×2 S-matrix is described. The purpose of doing such is to provide a better way to characterize and measure the loss or gain of a cascading network to the original one-port network. One prominent example to which this method can be applied is the characterization of matching network loss for antenna design. The concept of transducer power gain is utilized for deriving such a method in this paper.