Efficient iterative solution of surface integral equations based on maximally orthogonalized higher order basis functions

The goal of this paper is to propose maximally orthogonalized higher order basis functions that automatically satisfy the continuity equation at the boundary element´s (BE) edges. As a result, orthogonality was imposed between all basis functions except between the two lowest order functions. Numerical results show that the proposed higher order basis functions enable convergence as fast as low order basis functions, which qualifies higher order basis functions for application with iterative solvers.