Analysis-by-Synthesis Echo Hiding Scheme Using Mirrored Kernels

Watermarking using the echo hiding technique can have fairly good performance in perceptual quality. However, the tradeoff between robustness and imperceptibility still is a challenge work. In this study, the analysis-by-synthesis echo hiding scheme based on the mirrored kernels is proposed to determine the appropriate amplitudes of the embedded echoes with considering the characteristics of host signals. The analysis-by-synthesis technique is to perform attacks on the watermarked signals during the watermark embedding process to suggest the amplitude parameters. Additionally, the attacks are modeled by the Gaussian white noise. To avoid the embedded watermarks depending on the host signals and reduce the impact of various attacks, the positions of mirrored kernels for embedding "0" and "1" are inter-changed alternatively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed analysis-by-synthesis echo hiding scheme is superior to the conventional schemes in terms of robustness and perceptual quality