Generation of Synthetic but Visually Realistic Time Series of Cardiac Images Combining a Biophysical Model and Clinical Images

We propose a new approach for the generation of synthetic but visually realistic time series of cardiac images based on an electromechanical model of the heart and real clinical 4-D image sequences. This is achieved by combining three steps. The first step is the simulation of a cardiac motion using an electromechanical model of the heart and the segmentation of the end diastolic image of a cardiac sequence. We use biophysical parameters related to the desired condition of the simulated subject. The second step extracts the cardiac motion from the real sequence using nonrigid image registration. Finally, a synthetic time series of cardiac images corresponding to the simulated motion is generated in the third step by combining the motion estimated by image registration and the simulated one. With this approach, image processing algorithms can be evaluated as we know the ground-truth motion underlying the image sequence. Moreover, databases of visually realistic images of controls and patients can be generated for which the underlying cardiac motion and some biophysical parameters are known. Such databases can open new avenues for machine learning approaches.