Correlation of Magnetic Properties and Residual Stress Distribution Monitored by X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction in Welded AISI 1008 Steel Sheets

In this paper, two identical American Iron and Steel Institute 1008 steels sheets were welded together in a butt joint configuration, with the welding line direction parallel to the rolling direction. The sheets were welded using the electron-beam welding technique. Stress distribution was monitored in the surface and the bulk of the welded samples using X-ray Bragg-Brentano and neutron diffraction methods, respectively. Accordingly, surface and bulk magnetic properties, namely magnetic Barkhausen noise and quasi-dc permeability, were monitored in the same area. Both surface and bulk magnetic measurements exhibit good agreement with the surface and bulk stress measurements obtained by the diffraction methods, after a proper calibration procedure. Complementary measurements with scanning electron microscopy and Vicker´s microhardness tester provide similar good agreement between the microstructural characterization and the residual stress distribution.