C-band, narrow and wideband measurement campaign for satellite-to-indoor and roadside tree links

The use of C-band has been identified as a potential candidate for future GNSS (global navigation satellite system) services. The understanding of the environmental propagation channel at this band is a key element to analyse the feasibility of the use of this frequency band for GNSS. The present paper describes an activity to study the environmental propagation conditions at C-band for satellite-to-indoor environment and the land mobile satellite environment for vehicles (but also applicable to pedestrian users) under different scenarios with particular attention to those where attenuation by vegetation plays an important role.