The generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs using grating structures of Ti-diffused Lithium Niobate waveguides in integrated optics

An entangled photon source is an essential tool for quantum information experiments, such as tests of Bell inequalities, quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping. We report the generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs using grating structures of nonlinear materials such as Ti-diffused lithium niobate. This approach is useful for quantum integrated optics because the size of this element is less than 325 micron. Polarization-entangled photon pairs are created using the nonlinear optical process of type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The pump laser at 800 nm was doubled to a wavelength of 400 nm, which was used to produce SPDC in the grating structure of Lithium Niobate. The photon pairs were generated at wavelengths 692 nm and 950 nm.