An overview of MODIS calibration and characterization and lessons learned

Terra and Aqua MODIS have flown for more than 9 years and 7 years, respectively. Data products derived from MODIS observations have been publically distributed and widely used by the science community and users worldwide. MODIS observations are made in 36 spectral bands covering wavelengths from visible (VIS) to longwave infrared (LWIR). Its on-orbit calibration and characterization are regularly performed using a set of onboard calibrators. This paper provides an overview of sensor calibration and characterization activities, performance, and lessons learned. Though having been operated beyond their design lifetime (6 years), both instruments continue to function well and make major contributions to remote sensing applications. Lessons from both MODIS missions have provided and will continue to provide valuable information for future missions and sensor development.