Reverse channel evolutionary analysis for closed-loop supply chain with competing manufacturers and exclusive dominant retailers

Reverse channel decision has great influence in the operation efficiency of closed-loop supply chain. To deal this problem, the reverse channel decision was studied based on evolutionary game in the closed-loop supply chain with competing manufactures and exclusive dominant retailers. Results indicate that the competition degree among manufacturers, the collection difficulty and remanufacturing cost saving affect the evolution result of reverse channel together; using subsidy policy government can encourage manufacturers to choose direct reverse channel, which is more benefit to customers and society. Finally, the paper proves the correctness of the research findings by numerical analysis.