Title :
Proton Beam Writing of Chalcogenide Glass: A New Approach for Fabrication of Channel Waveguides at Telecommunication O and C Bands
Author :
Qiang An ; Chen Cheng ; Vanga, Sudheer Kumar ; Bettiol, Andrew Anthony ; Feng Chen
Author_Institution :
State Key Lab. of Crystal Mater., Shandong Univ., Jinan, China
Abstract :
We report on proton beam writing of chalcogenide glass for the fabrication of channel waveguides. The focused proton beam at an energy of 1 MeV induces positive refractive index changes, forming channel waveguide structures in the irradiated region. The channel waveguides support both the TE and TM polarizations from the visible to near-infrared telecommunication O and C bands. Based on the maximum value of the refractive index contrast achieved by measuring the numerical aperture of the waveguide channels, we reconstruct the refractive index distribution and calculate the modal profiles of waveguides in the near-infrared wavelengths. The calculated modal profiles are in very good agreement with the experimental results. The minimum propagation loss is measured to be ~2.0 dB/cm at the wavelength of 1064 nm.
Keywords :
chalcogenide glasses; infrared spectra; light polarisation; optical fabrication; optical glass; optical loss measurement; optical losses; optical waveguides; proton beams; refractive index; visible spectra; TE polarizations; TM polarizations; chalcogenide glass; channel waveguide fabrication; electron volt energy 1 MeV; numerical aperture measurement; optical propagation loss measurement; proton beam writing; refractive index distribution reconstruction; visible-near-infrared telecommunication C bands; visible-near-infrared telecommunication O bands; wavelength 1064 nm; Glass; Optical device fabrication; Optical waveguides; Particle beams; Refractive index; Waveguide lasers; Writing; Chalcogenide glass; channel waveguides; proton beam writing;
Journal_Title :
Lightwave Technology, Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JLT.2014.2354239
