A transmission range adjustment algorithm to avoid energy holes in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, the energy hole problem in wireless sensor networks is modeled, and a novel transmission range adjustment method is proposed to solve the problem. The goal of our work is to analyze the problem and to propose a dynamic algorithm that allows the transmission range of the sensor nodes to be varied as a function of their residual energy and distance to the base station, such that each individual node consumes its energy smoothly. This method contributes to the balancing of the energy consumption among sensor nodes, avoiding the energy hole problem and, thus, extending the network lifetime.