3D model normalization algorithm using star topology for 3D model watermarking

The previously published three dimensional models (3DM) watermarking schemes have always involved different (i.e. non-standardized) algorithms for watermarks embedding and the subsequent recovery of the attacked watermark embedded 3DM (for watermark extraction). If a 3DM watermarking algorithm does not have standardizing and stable steps to resort the 3DM vertices, the extracted watermarks from a robust watermarked 3DM will be incorrect and the attacks will not be detected by the fragile 3DM watermarking schemes. This paper reconstructs the 3DM with star topology units to find triangular meshes to embed the information of these triangular meshes to normalize the 3DM. Experimental results show that all the normalized 3DMs can correctly normalize the 3DMs attacked by the combination of the affine transforms and cropping such that the survived vertices shall be placed at their original positions.