Notice of RetractionThe role of free bromine during bromate formation in UV photolysis

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

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Considerable amount of bromate were observed during UV irradiation in free chlorine solutions containing bromide, whereas much less were formed in UV catalyzed chloramine solutions containing bromide. Assuming that free bromine is the key intermediate of bromate, a simple model is developed to predict bromine species profiles either in UV catalyzed free bromine solutions or in UV catalyzed Cl₂-bromide system. Pseduo-first order rate constants were derived from results of experiment. Validation from experimental data shows the model can favorably simulate the formations of bromate as well as free chlorine or free bromine decay in spite of the simplicity of the model. Hence it is likely that this model is applicable to predict bromate ion formation and bromine decay in water purification process where UV and pre-chlorination are employed.