Notice of RetractionStudy on distribution of high fluorine groundwater and its chemical characteristics in Yinchuan Plain

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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Yinchuan Plain is one of drinking-water endemic fluorosis areas in China. To the west of the Yellow River phreatic water with high fluorine distributes in alluvial lacustrine plain and confined water only distributes in Dawukou region to the northwest of Helan Mountain. To the east of the Yellow River high fluorine groundwater with broadly distribution and vertically fluorine content changes observably. Hydrochemical types were complex under weakly alkaline environment. Most of the negative ion in phreatic water main was HCO^-₃, but in confined water which was mainly SO^2-₄ and Cl^-. Fluorion was controlled by the solubility product, which showed inverse ratio with calcium, and showed positive correlation with (K⁺ + Na⁺)/Ca²⁺ value.