GPS ambiguity resolution of single epoch data using genetic algorithms

The ambiguities resolved to their correct integer values are very important for the high accuracy of the double-differenced Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phase observables. Genetic algorithms (GAs) have some advantages of simpleness, parallel and robustness on resolving numerical value optimization problems. So GAs were improved and applied on GPS ambiguity resolution on single epoch Aimed on the integer nature of double difference ambiguities, the coded methods of GAs were improved. And then the corresponding genetic operators and control parameters were modified. The fitness function was established based on non-Linear least-square principle. Through a large number of cases, the tests of the proposed method were practiced and it was verified that the improved GAs was effective.