Notice of RetractionRare Earth element yttrium´s effect on high-temperature wear and friction performance of tin coating by the technique of ion plating on H13 steel surface

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Using the technique of ion plating, TiN coating was prepared on H13 steel substrate and the high-temperature wear test was applied. The composition, phase structures and geometrical morphology of TiN serial-coatings were analyzed by use of SEM, XRD and 3D-topography instrument. As the transitional layer, the improvement effects of RE element yttrium on high temperature friction and wear behaviors of TiN serial-coatings and its mechanism were researched. The experimental results demonstrate that YN and Y2O3 were generated in the TiN coatings after Rare Earth element Y was added. Meanwhile, the amount of brittle phase Ti2N was reduced and coating-substrate bonding was strengthened, as the result of which the surface microstructure became more compact and the roughness was also reduced. The initiation and propagation of cracks were prohibited; also the surface fracture and furrows were reduced. Rare Earth element Y has greater bonding force with elements H, O in the lubricant, which promoted the absorption of lubricant on the surface. After adding Rare Earth element Y, the friction coefficient was reduced to 0.129 from the original value 0.163 and the wear rate was also reduced to 0.09⁰/₀₀ from the original value 0.88⁰/₀₀. TiN coating had the smooth wear surface, the least wear depth and the furrow was also inconspicuous. Thereby, the addition of Y further improves wear and friction performance of TiN coating at high-temperature and prolongs the service life of H13 hot-wor- ing die.