Notice of RetractionInvestigations on sheet to cylindrical tube single-sided spot welding using servo gun

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

In order to reduce vehicle weight and improve performance, hydroformed tubes have been widely used in the automobile industry. Sheet to cylindrical tube joining process by single-sided spot welding (SSSW) using servo gun is proposed in the present paper to join the parts. However, welding deformation occurs during welding process and welding quality is affected. The present paper investigated the influence of welding current and electrode force on welding deformation and tensile-shear strength by experiments, and the weldability of sheet to cylindrical tube SSSW was determined. It is found that the welding deformation was linearly increased with welding current and electrode force. Because of expulsion or cracks caused by large welding deformation, the tensile-shear strength was decreased when high electrode force or welding current applied. And the weld lobe determined by experimental results was very narrow. The research results can provide guidelines for process analysis and quality control of sheet to cylindrical tube SSSW.