Effect of demand response resources on optimal spinning reserve procurement in consideration of CO2 emission

The GHG emission reduction is one of the mandatory targets of the energy sector. On the other hand restructuring of the power systems has opened the door to utilization of the new resources like reserve supplying demand response (RSDR). According to the fact that RSDR utilization is increasing, its effect on system pollution aspects should be analyzed. In this paper first a comprehensive framework for reserve scheduling; which clears energy and reserve simultaneously, is developed. In order to obtain the optimal reserve scheduling from a social cost point of view, the interruption cost is included in the system total cost. In order to address carbon emission, total acceptable carbon emission is bounded. Using this framework the effect of RSDR utilization on carbon emission and economic-environmental characteristics of the system are analyzed. The IEEE RTS is studied as the test case and the simulation results show the ability of RSDR resources in improving system economic-environmental characteristics.