Computer aided planning and execution of craniofacial surgical procedures

The paper discusses the development of image-guided surgical procedures starting in 1983 where surgical simulation program based on a three-dimensionalization of a cephalogram was clinically evaluated, then modifying it to a CT based surgical simulation program. But CT based program had drawback on automated positioning of the bone fragments to best fit a normal form, hence in 1985 a software is developed for quantitative , bone fragment positioning. Recent modifications are also highlighted and the system developed is undergoing bench testing before proceeding with clinical trials.