Load-shifting opportunities for a typical South African cement plant

Investigations into demand side reductions have been encouraged by the utility in sectors with high electricity consumption, such as the cement industry. It is responsible for 5% of the electrical consumption for the mining and industrial division of the country. It has also been estimated that by 2020 this sector will be ranked fifth for energy savings potential. This paper investigates the potential of a load-shifting scheme to reduce evening peak loads and save electrical costs on a raw mill at a South African cement plant. A simulation was performed, which showed that six hours of load-shifting could be achieved, without adversely affecting production. This was corroborated by a pilot study where the load was successfully shifted for six hours over a week-long period. The specific raw mill would achieve a reduction in yearly electrical costs of 2% when employing this load-shifting strategy. The results however showed that cost-saving opportunities are highly dependent on the reliability of the mills and on the change in production demand. Therefore, load-shifting schemes have to be highly adaptable on a daily basis to shift load when possible.