Notice of RetractionKey factors for optimum exploitation of micro-hydropower in Rwanda and main constraints

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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Rwanda as most of African countries have nearly less than 10% of electrification and 90% of the electrified areas are confined to Capital city, so that accessibility to electricity is limited only to main towns. The Government of Rwanda in collaboration with development partners, is striving to increase accessibility to electricity by local population especially those in remote areas to enhance their living conditions and protect environment because all those who are not accessing electricity, wood is a major source of energy in cooking, lighting and heating. Though all these efforts are being made, there are main factors that have to be assessed before deciding setting up a micro-hydropower plant and always meet many challenges mainly because of Rwanda´s economic status and its geography. This paper will make clear some questions that may be wondered by development partners or private investors in energy while considering micro-hydropower in Rwanda, such as: What are the principal constraints of the hydropower development in Rwanda? What is the national hydropower potential? Etc. This paper gives an insight of implementation modalities according to the nature and social structure of Rwanda´s community, and then private investors in energy can know strategies and tricks ought to be followed to valorize this potential available in Rwanda and be sure of the sustainability for investments in hydropower with challenges already discovered.