Study on the Change of Frozen Soil in Russia (North Asia) Region Based on NOAA Image

Frozen soil is a widespread kind of soil at high altitudes and high latitudes. It is divided into two parts, permafrost and seasonally frozen soil. It accounts for about 79% of northern hemisphere. As the largest country in the world, the area of Russia frozen soil occupies a large proportion. The use of satellite remote sensing technology has promoted the rapid development of permafrost research since 1970s. In this paper, NOAA remote sensing data preprocessing in Asian part of Russia was done. According to the band characteristics of AVHRR data, split window algorithm was used to calculate surface temperature. Thus, interpreted permafrost and seasonally frozen ground were interpreted, and added up the change of frozen soil area. The conclusion of this research is that permafrost is being degraded to seasonally frozen ground every year. In the end of this paper, the reasons and the hazards were analyzed.