Design and implementation of dynamic sink node placement using Particle Swarm Optimization for life time maximization of WSN applications

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are emerging because of the developments in wireless communication technology and miniaturization of the hardware. WSN consists of a large number of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional sensor nodes to monitor physical conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion, etc. As the energy available in the sensor nodes used in WSN is limited, the primary focus of WSN applications is to maximize the network life time by using the energy efficiently. Hence making a good use of energy is important in WSN application. There are techniques to utilize the energy in an efficient way. One such technique is to place the sink node in an optimal position. The widely used technique for finding optimal location for sink node is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In this paper, an efficient method for finding optimized position of sink node using PSO is proposed. The initial constraints in finding optimal Base-Station (BS) locations in two-tiered wireless sensor networks proposed by B. Paul et al. using PSO are relaxed by placing Application Nodes (AN) dynamically based on Euclidean distance and probability of selection. This system is tested by establishing communication between the nodes and sink through the application nodes using query-driven model of WSN. The energy spent in transmission, reception and processing of query is analyzed and the results are presented.