Short and medium term frequency stability of a laser pumped rubidium gas-cell frequency standard for satellite navigation

In the case of a rubidium standard with laser pumping, a minimum value of the temperature-frequency coefficient should be provided for a gas cell to achieve high medium-term and long-term frequency stability. In this case, the best buffer mix is that of N₂ +Kr. The existing techniques for neutralization the stray transformation of microwave field phase fluctuations eliminate this effect totally in practice. All possible schemes for laser pumping demonstrate roughly the same capabilities as regards the realization of a high frequency stability of the order 1.5·10^-13 over 1 s and 1·10^-14 over 1 day.