An optimized lumped element improved performance hybrid Directional Couplers

Directional Couplers (DCs) play an important role in the majority of electrical circuits, especially in microwave circuit applications. Careful study, analysis, and design try to attain the best in field. It is well known that structural organization of a DC determines its characteristic performance. In this paper a hybrid structural composition and an optimal design are introduced to obtain the best performance (3 dB bandwidth, lumped elements frequency response and scattering parameters).The study concerns two Microwave-Lumped Element Backward and Branch Line (BW and BL) DCs. For this purpose a hybrid structure organization is to be deduced, an improvement of connections among these sections; using an inserted metamaterial interconnection TL section(s) ; is introduced and an optimum circuit elements selection is implemented. The Lumped Element (LE) circuits are simulated and conversion topologies have been developed from distributed microwave circuits using the adaptive sweep optimization of the (ADS) simulator.