Congestion management in a pool model with bilateral contract by generation rescheduling based on PSO

In a deregulated electricity market, it may always not be possible to dispatch all of the contracted power transactions due to congestion of the transmission corridors. System operators try to manage congestion, which otherwise increases the cost of the electricity and also threatens the system security and stability. In this paper, congestion management by rescheduling of generators has been proposed in pool model without bilateral contracts and pool model with one bilateral contract, also compares the amount of rescheduling in both cases. For optimal selection of participating generators a technique based on generator sensitivities to the power flow of congested lines is used. Also this paper proposes an algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) which minimizes the deviations of rescheduled values of generator power outputs from scheduled levels. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been analyzed on IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems.