Application of low-energy, high-current electron beams for surface modification of materials

The paper describes the characteristics of original sources of low-energy (10–4.5 ke V), high-current (up to 50 kA) electron beams of microsecond duration, designed for surface thermal treatment of materials. Under the action of this type of beam, graded structures are formed that may impart improved physicochemical properties and strength to the surface layers. This permits the use of these beams for improving the strength and electrochemical properties of pieces and tools and for increasing the electric strength of vacuum insulation. Some technological operations, such as deposition and removal of coatings and surface alloying can be realized in the intense evaporation mode.