Proposal of automotive 8-directional warning system that makes use of tactile apparent movement

We proposed a tactile 8-directional warning system which informs drivers of hazardous traffic situations hidden in 8 directions via tactile apparent movement. The effectiveness of the proposed warning system was compared with that of a warning system by simultaneous two-point stimulation and a system without warning. As a result, the apparent lead to quick reaction and higher hit rate (higher accuracy of hazard perception and recognition) as compared with the simultaneous two-point stimulation. However, this was limited to the front and the rear hazard, and was not true for all directions. The vibrotactile warning system that can recognize hazards from all of eight directions should be developed in future research.