An experimental consideration on the effect of antenna gain on the observed PIMs for an external PIM-source

Passive Intermodulation (PIM) is caused by non-linearity in passive circuits such as base station antennas in mobile communication systems [1]. When measuring PIM performances of a microwave device, standard PIM generators are very useful to assess the performance of a measurement system [2]. In this paper, an PIM-source loaded on printed dipole antenna which is an modification of [6] is proposed, and a simplified model of external PIM source [7] is also proposed. After presenting their basic performance in terms of PIM characteristics, the effect of antenna gain on PIM measurements will be discussed using the proposed antenna and the patch antenna in [3] [4].