VLSI Architecture for Spread Spectrum Image Watermarking in Walsh-Hadamard Transform Domain Using Binary Watermark

Spread-spectrum communication encompasses a number of signalling techniques in which the transmitted bandwidth is significantly larger than required by the data rate and the transmitted bandwidth is determined by a function independent of the message that is known to both sender and receiver. Originally intended to increase resistance to jamming and lowering the probability of interception, its properties are also desirable in a number of other applications and have been applied to the problem of digital watermarking. In this paper we have a transform domain Spread Spectrum (SS) watermarking scheme which effectively eliminates security problem while increasing robustness and enhancing perceptual quality of watermarked image. VLSI implementation using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) has been developed for the proposed watermarking algorithm which becomes a solution for real-time implementation.