Congestion control in Wireless Sensor Networks by using Differed Reporting Rate

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), there are one or more sinks or base stations and many sensor nodes distributed over wide area. Sensor nodes have restricted power. When a particular event is occurred, these sensor nodes can transmit large volume of data towards the sink. It can result in buffer overflow at the nodes. It causes packet drops and also network throughput decreases. In WSNs, congestion may lead to energy waste due to a large number of retransmissions and packet drops. Hence it shortens the lifetime of sensor nodes. So, congestion in WSNs needs to be controlled to decrease the waste of energy and also to increase the lifetime of sensor nodes. Proposed congestion control mechanisms will improve network throughput, packet delivery ratio and packet loss. Many network aspects such as reporting rate, node density, packet size etc. can affect congestion. Congestion can be controlled by using Differed Reporting Rate (DRR) algorithm.