Directly Printed Packaging-Paper-Based Chipless RFID Tag With Coplanar $LC$ Resonator

This letter presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and characterization of an $LC$ -resonator-based chipless RFID tag. The ID-generating circuit is designed based on a reconfigurable $LC$ resonance circuit. Phase position modulation (PPM) coding is used for the enhancement of the coding capacity. The tag has been realized on packaging paper using all printing technique. In fabrication, overprinting process has been investigated as an effective pathway for the improvement of the conductivities. The tag with 4.25-bit coding capacity has been examined using a sweeping frequency signal transmitted from a vector network analyzer, and experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed chipless tag. With further optimizations, the tag can be used in the item-level tracking and identification applications, especially for the management of paper tickets and banknotes.