The effect of multiple processing speed training on age-related cognitive decline

The processing-speed theory of cognitive aging proposed by Salthouse supposed that processing speed is the single mechanism which mediates cognitive aging. Measurements of processing speed involve a spectrum of speed measures from very simple perceptual-motor response tasks to high level executive functions. We supposed multiple processing speed training derived from modified speed measurements could broaden the training effects into a wider range of cognitive functions rather than restricted in very-near and near tasks. In study 1, 15 traditionally used processing speed tasks were analyzed and categorized into two categories according to results of factor analysis (perceptual-motor processing speed and central processing speed). In study 2, 41 elderly over 60 years old participated in 8 sessions of multiple processing speed training. Each participants joined either perceptual-motor processing speed training (PMPS) or central processing speed training (CPS). Processing speed performance of the elderly could be improved to the average level of the young adults´ first performance after training, and PMPS abilities are easier to be improved compared to CPS abilities. Multiple processing speed training couldn´t improve all the performance of processing speed, especially high level cognitive function.