Self-verified DNS reverse resolution

Domain Name System (DNS) reverse resolution is commonly relied on by anti-spam techniques to verify the email origins and by measurements or applications to uncover the host information. But the current practice is not able to clarify the IP addresses with no reverse resolution response and the source verification process is not optimized in terms of network bandwidth and response latency. This paper proposes an explicit scheme to bind A/AAAA resource records (RRs) with their matching PTR RRs by introducing APTR/AAAAPTR RR types. The DNS cache server can automatically switch from forward resolution to reverse resolution when handling the APTR/AAAAPTR RR types. This scheme enables the negative verification if no reverse records are returned for APTR/AAAAPTR records. Furthermore, the analytical and numerical results show that the number of queries and response delay are significantly cut by the proposed scheme.