Electrospray deposition of TiO2 on a carbon substrate: Effect of flowrate, electrostatic voltage, and concentration of suspension

Electrospray technique is one of improved technique that is more advantageous than the other techniques. This technique does not require a complex reactor and is considered as cost effective method. The deposition quality can be controlled by adjusting the voltage, flow rate and concentration of TiO₂ suspension. At various suspension concentrations like 0.40%, 0.20%, 0.10% and 0.04%, TiO₂ nanoparticles with was electrosprayed on carbon subtrate. Fixed voltage at 4 kV at various flow rate ranging from 1 - 3 mL/h were used to electrospray the TiO₂ suspension in this study. For the effect of electrostatic voltage, a positive potential of 0.00 kV, 0.25 kV, and 0.50 kV was applied and flow rate is constant at 1 mL/h. All experiments were operated in multi-jet mode and TiO₂ deposits were characterized using scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM). Varied morphology of of deposition has developed and increase of flow rate has increased the spraying area. The increasing of electrostatic voltages gradually changes the stable multi jet mode, consequently affecting the morphologies of the TiO₂ deposites on carbon surface.