A diffusive electro-equivalent Li-ion battery model

Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries are the standard choice for many applications; but their behavior is complex. In order to safely and efficiently exploit their advantages, advanced model-based Battery Management Systems (BMS) are required. This paper introduces a computationally efficient, control-oriented model for a Li-ion cell. The model, by augmenting the classical Randle model with diffusive dynamics, is capable of describing both the high and low frequency behavior of the cell. The identification of the proposed model is detailed and an identification protocol proposed. The model is validated on a commercial lithium-ion cell. The proposed model yields an efficient simulation tool that can be employed for BMS design.