Thermoelectric reference standards and a measurement system for microcalorimeters

In this paper, we address two key issues of a thermoelectric reference standard-based microcalorimeter for RF and microwave power standards. First, we introduce a design guideline of thermoelectric reference standards and present some examples implemented by customizing 3.5-mm and 2.4-mm coaxial power sensors which are commercially available. Second, we propose a simplified measurement system employing a wideband signal source for the thermoelectric reference standard-based microcalorimeters.