A comprehensive load reduction demand response program for spinning reserve provision

A comprehensive load reduction demand response (LRDR) program in which, consumer can participate in provision of spinning reserve through electricity market is proposed in this paper. This concept considers the network constraints and takes into account both energy and reserve markets. The characteristics of the LRDR program such as maximum amount of load reduction, maximum/minimum load reduction duration and initiation cost related to load reduction are considered in this model. The proposed approach is tested on a six bus test system for 24 hours. The results presented indicate that integrating demand side participation in reserve market can lead to significant decrease in costs.