First-order ocean surface cross-section for shipborne HFSWR

Onshore high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) has been successfully deployed for early warning and ocean remote sensing. However, there remain potential gaps in ocean remote sensing for shipborne HFSWR. Based on the first-order bistatic field equation, the first-order ocean surface cross-section for shipborne HFSWR is derived, whose validity is verified by experimental results. Consequently, studies on ocean surface information extraction with shipborne HFSWR could be conducted. The simulation results demonstrate that shipborne HFSWR has the potential of sea surface wind direction extraction with a single receiving sensor rather than a receiving array, and in addition wind direction ambiguity existing in onshore HFSWR disappears.