Evaluation of Efficient Modes of Operation of GSM/GPRS Modules for M2M Communications

The field of machine-to-machine (M2M) communications has gained wide popularity and is steadily growing. This paper studies the feasibility of using the Global System for Mobile Communications and in particular the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) for a low data rate long- lasting battery-powered operation of M2M devices. A model is introduced to estimate the power consumption of a GPRS connection. It allows the identification and evaluation of optimizations of the data transmission procedures. Two M2M modes of GPRS operation are introduced. For applications with frequent transmissions, an Always- on-mode turns out to be most reasonable. For infrequent transmissions, e.g., one transmission every 2 hours, an On/off-mode reduces the power consumption of M2M devices by 93% as compared to the Always-on-mode. With a 3-cell battery providing 25.9 Wh of energy and considering only the power consumption of the communication module, a battery lifetime of up to 5 years is feasible. Measurements show that usually 40% of the energy spent for a short data transmission is wasted by one particular GPRS procedure called non-DRX period. Avoiding this saves up to 35% of total average power, depending on the rate of data transmissions.