Cost optimal meter placement in low and medium voltagte grids considering stochastic dependencies

Driven by an increase in distributed generation capacities in the German medium and low voltage grids there is a rising need for grid extensions. Up till today network planning and operation is conducted with a high security margin. A reduction would allow a higher utilization of existing network structures resulting in a reduced need for grid reinforcements. However the usage of a reduced security margin requires exact knowledge of the actual grid state acquirable by terms of state estimation. Due to the low number of available real-time measurements in low and medium voltage networks the estimated network state can differ significantly from the real network state resulting in need for placement of additional real-time measurements. Therefore this paper presents an approach for calculating the difference between estimated and real network state considering stochastic dependencies and a cost optimal meter placement technique to assure low deviance between estimated and real network state.