Inferring low voltage transformer state using only Smart Metering data

Previous works on Distribution State Estimation (DSE) utilizing Smart Metering (SM) data assume the availability of sufficient measurements from distributed generators and Low Voltage (LV) transformers as well. However, both distributed generators and LV transformers are seldom equipped with advanced meters due to the high expenses. This paper investigates how DSE is performed using only SM data when inferring the states at LV transformers. SM data usually is captured synchronously but reported over a given time interval. The impact of the errors introduced by non-perfect meter clock synchronisation is analysed using real SM data, and is confirmed to be not significant. The experimental results further show the possibility of using SM data alone to characterize the states at LV transformers.