Protection schemes and fault location methods for multi-terminal lines: A comprehensive review

Due to economic reasons, the increase in power demand and available technical possibilities many 2-terminal lines are being upgraded to 3 or more terminal lines. However, this type of configuration also raises more complexity around protection and locating faults which require a lot of assessment to ensure the security of the new network. This paper is a bibliographical survey to summarize the relevant research that have been published in the areas of protection and fault locations for multi-terminal transmission and sub-transmission lines. The paper provides a reference list for future research and industrial application on protection and operation of multi-terminal power grid. The use of IEC61850 standard in current protection schemes and fault locator methods is also reviewed and its potential feasibility in multi-terminal line protection is outlined.